Monkeypox: A Global Health Emergency
What is Monkeypox?
Monkeypox is a viral illness caused by the monkeypox virus, a species of the genus Orthopoxvirus.
Monkeypox presents with fever, an extensive characteristic rash, and usually swollen lymph nodes.
Transmission and Symptoms
Monkeypox is transmitted through close contact with an infected person or animal, or through contact with contaminated materials.
Symptoms typically develop within 5-21 days of exposure and include:
- Fever
- Headache
- Muscle aches
- Backache
- Swollen lymph nodes
- A characteristic rash that progresses through stages from macules to pustules
Diagnosis and Treatment
Monkeypox is diagnosed based on symptoms and a physical examination.
Treatment is supportive and includes pain relievers, antivirals, and antibiotics in some cases.
Prevention
Prevention measures include:
- Avoiding contact with infected people or animals
- Washing hands frequently
- Wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) when caring for infected individuals
- Vaccination
Current Outbreak
Since early May 2022, cases of monkeypox have been reported from countries where the disease is not endemic.
On August 14, 2024, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the rise in monkeypox cases a public health emergency of international concern.
Global Response
The global response to the monkeypox outbreak includes:
- Informing those at risk
- Surveillance and data collection
- Research and development of vaccines and treatments
- International collaboration
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